"Despite the purported surge in internal migration following the 2004 enlargement of the European Union, data from the …

assuage fears of reverse causality between migration and human capital formation. The results highlight a significant impact … of European Union accession on human capital formation indicating that the prospect of migration can indeed fuel skill … formation even in the context of middle-income economies. And, if accompanied by policies to promote return migration, as well …

varying extents for nationals of different member countries. Migration flows out of the EU10 following the 2004 enlargement is … hampered by various technical and data constraints. As a result, the policy debates on the welfare consequences of migration … stock of the nature, extent, and impact of EU migration following EU10 accession, and synthesizes the main lessons from this …