"Global climate change is occurring at an accelerating pace, and the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that are forcing climate change continue to increase. Given the present pace of international actions, it seems unlikely that atmospheric composition can be stabilized at a level that will...

Under the Kyoto Protocol, compliance carbon markets (CCM) were primarily in the form of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI). In 2015, the Paris Agreement introduced a new bottom-up approach to address climate change. Under the Paris Agreement, Parties set...

"Climate change governance poses difficult challenges for contemporary political/administrative systems. These systems evolved to handle other sorts of problems and must now be adapted to handle emerging issues of climate change mitigation and adaptation. This paper examines long-term climate...

Firms and entrepreneurs of all types-from microenterprises to multinationals-play a central role in growth and poverty reduction. Their investment decisions drive job creation, the availability and affordability of goods and services for consumers, and the tax revenues governments can draw on to...

This study seeks to identify potential sources of co-financing to meet the additional costs of energy efficiency (EE) and climate mitigation benefits associated with the hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) phase-out supported by the Multilateral fund of the montreal protocol (MLF). As it stands, the...