state governments. After briefly reviewing some of the many administrative difficulties experienced with the tax, they turn … middle-income developing countries. With these high rates, the authors find that while the tax has become the third largest … current high duty rates, coupled with weak tax administration, lead to widespread evasion of the tax through underdeclaration …

The main message of this report is that Pakistan can take measures to increase the tax to gross domestic product (GDP …, Pakistan needs to embrace substantial changes in tax policy aimed at increasing the buoyancy of the tax system, broadening the … tax bases, reducing distortions and phasing out exemptions. Such tax reforms are also required to deal with the risks …

The main message of this report is that Pakistan can take measures to increase the tax to gross domestic product (GDP …, Pakistan needs to embrace substantial changes in tax policy aimed at increasing the buoyancy of the tax system, broadening the … tax bases, reducing distortions and phasing out exemptions. Such tax reforms are also required to deal with the risks …

Ghana's tax collection is low compared with other lower middle-income countries. Non-compliance of tax payments is an … from experiences in other countries, this report proposes potential interventions that could improve tax compliance …

power in the loan market results in riskier loan portfolios, the overall risks of banks need not increase if banks protect …, as well as indicators of the business environment, using data for 8,235 banks in 23 developed nations. The results … suggest that - consistent with the traditional "competition-fragility" view - banks with a greater degree of market power also …

(PCR) data were performed in collaboration with the central banks in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. The results of the …