, and can surge at times of currency speculation. Heightened interest rate and exchange rate volatility pose practical risk … risk containment, as well as for good macropolicies. On the other hand, the cost of equity capital has been reduced by … through the equity markets have not been the major contributor to increased international sources of volatility. In addition …

, banking crises and financial volatility), and by jointly analyzing the effects of financial depth and fragility in classic … larger effort in the group to understand the sources of growth and volatility"--World Bank web site …