"Infrastructure projects are often technically complicated and highly customized. Therefore, procurement competition … tends to be limited. Competition is the single most important factor toward auction efficiency and anti-corruption. However …, the degree of competition realized is closely related to bidders' entry decision and the auctioneer's decision on how to …

"Competition in public procurement auctions in the water supply and sanitation sector is largely limited. This is … important policy choice for auctioneers to achieve efficiency. In general, there is a tradeoff between competition in auctions … competition. Using data on public procurement auctions for water and sewage projects in developing countries, this paper shows …

"Limited competition has been a serious concern in infrastructure procurement. Importantly, however, there are normally … development projects in developing countries and examines why competition ends up restricted. It shows that bidders are self …-selective and auctioneers also tend to limit participation depending on the size of contracts. Therefore, limited competition would …