"The paper evaluates the effects of privatization in the post-communist economies and China. In post …-communist economies privatization to foreign owners results in a rapid improvement in performance of firms, while performance effects of … privatization to domestic owners are less impressive and vary across regions, coinciding with differences in policies and …

In January 1999, Poland launched a new pension system that was the result of 5-6 years of broad outreach campaigns and … without undermining the long-term viability of the reformed pension system. Post-communist Poland operated on a traditional … and Poland had one of the highest spending rates of any post-communist transition country. In addition, long …

This report is an update to the first comprehensive Romania Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD), published in 2018 …, which identified a set of development priorities for Romania to achieve the twin goals of poverty reduction and shared … include impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on Romania's economy and people, a drive toward …

implementation in Romania and to provide some recommendations for policy makers on how to accelerate progress toward a CE in Romania … context, (b) national priorities and the strategic policy context of Romania, and (c) sufficiently mature needs and demands of … key stakeholders in Romania and their capacities, including international financial institutions. The analysis also …

enabling environment that transforms the solid waste management sector in Bulgaria, Croatia, Poland, and Romania. The EU … analyzes progress in Bulgaria, Croatia, Poland, and Romania; and identifies important shortcomings towards meeting the …

Cities. As part of this work, preliminary assessments were conducted in four countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Poland and Romania …, Poland and Romania. Air pollution has a major impact on the sustainability of an urban area. It is a significant cause of …