"The paper analyzes governments' tradeoff between fiscal benefits and consumer surplus in privatization reforms of … noncompetitive industries in developing countries. Under privatization, the control rights are transferred to private interests so … developing countries, tight budget constraints imply that privatization may be optimal for low profitability segments. For highly …

"The paper evaluates the effects of privatization in the post-communist economies and China. In post …-communist economies privatization to foreign owners results in a rapid improvement in performance of firms, while performance effects of … privatization to domestic owners are less impressive and vary across regions, coinciding with differences in policies and …

, their movement over time, and their impact on poverty in the case of Poland. Poland, a middle-income country, is of … environment and the economic growth variables show a relatively sizable degree of variance. In addition, Poland has struggled in … the past few years to reduce poverty while still experiencing positive economic growth. The authors show that in Poland …

report is organized along the following lines. The next section provides background on Poland's greenhouse gas (GHG …) emissions. Then section B sets out Poland's existing carbon abatement targets and key policy challenges related to GHG … the first model, the engineering approach, on the costs of measures aimed at GHG mitigation for Poland. Section F explains …

In January 1999, Poland launched a new pension system that was the result of 5-6 years of broad outreach campaigns and … without undermining the long-term viability of the reformed pension system. Post-communist Poland operated on a traditional … and Poland had one of the highest spending rates of any post-communist transition country. In addition, long …