The World Bank's mission is to alleviate poverty and support sustainable development. Climate change is a serious environmental challenge that could undermine these goals. Since the industrial revolution, the mean surface temperature of earth has increased an average 2 degree Celsius due to the...

Global warming and changes in climate have already had observed impacts on natural ecosystems and species. Natural systems such as wetlands, mangroves, coral reefs, cloud forests, and Arctic and high-latitude ecosystems are especially vulnerable to climate-induced disturbances. However, enhanced...

This note summarizes lessons and practices deployed in embedding climate resilience into the design of projects that received catalytic funds from The Africa Climate Resilience Investment Facility (AFRI-RES). It draws from application of the Resilience Booster Tool to specific projects, as...

This is the fifteenth in the annual series assessing major development issues. The World Development Report 1992 explores the links between economic development and the environment. The 1990 report on poverty, last year's report on development strategies, and this report constitute a trilogy on...

The report outlines the work of the World Bank in addressing client countries with environmental challenges, and, aims to ensure the lending program integrates principles of environmental sustainability. It highlights that the challenge of development assistance lies in working with clients to...

The objective of this Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) is to highlight the underlying challenges and opportunities for Indonesia's environment and management of its natural resources in order to guide the World Bank support to Indonesian institutions for more sustainable development. Rather,...