addition to the replacement effects of higher fertility following a disaster that caused high mortality, a positive fertility … earthquakes: Gujarat, India, in 2001; North-West Frontier, Pakistan, in 2005; and Izmit, Turkey, in 1999. There is evidence of a … positive fertility response to exposure to these large-scale natural disasters in addition to the response to child mortality …

Pakistan was selected as a case study because of its estimated 40 percent decline in fertility between 1980 and 2006 …. Pakistan's high fertility rate began to decline gradually after the late 1980s and has continued to fall since then, though … (Algeria, Botswana, Iran, and Nicaragua), the history of fertility reduction in Pakistan has not been an overwhelming success …

interventions that pertain to fertility and family planning. The paper consists of five sections. First, this section defines the …