In project finance, risks are allocated to the parties best able to manage them. However, the risk mitigation instruments incorporated in the project's contractual and financial arrangements need not be all-encompassing to provide the security investors require. Commitments may be limited in...

The report presented a detailed assessment of the infrastructure Public Private Partnership (PPP) financing market in Pakistan, including key financing gaps as existent in 2007. This note builds on the report by presenting an update of the state of the Pakistan infrastructure financing market as...

This report assesses the role of fiscal rules for countercyclical economic management in Kazakhstan and simulates the behavior of different types of fiscal rules. The work represents technical assistance to the ministry of economy and budget planning and has been financed by the joint economic...

The petroleum sector is not very well developed at the present time in Rwanda. The only petroleum related activity at this time in Rwanda is the extraction of dissolved methane from the waters of Lake Kivu. This report is the result of a short term consulting contract with the World Bank Group...