"The aim of this paper is to understand the mechanism underlying access to credit. Gine focuses on two important … aspects of rural credit markets in Thailand. First, moneylenders and other informal lenders coexist with formal lending … presumably face sizable transaction costs obtaining external credit. The author develops and estimates a model based on limited …

channels through which credit affects growth on the micro-level is scant. Using data from a cross section of Bulgarian firms …, the authors estimate the impact of access to credit (as proxied by indicators of whether firms have access to a credit or …' past growth to instrument for access to credit. The authors find credit to be positively and strongly associated with total …

"The authors study the effect of financial crises on trade credit in a sample of 890 firms in six emerging economies …. They find that although provision of trade credit increases right after the crisis, it consequently collapses in the … short-term debt and low cash stocks and cash flows) are more likely to reduce trade credit provided to their customers. This …

leverage ratios (both short term and long term), including higher use of trade credit. There is also a negative influence of … in environments with greater asymmetric information (such as weaker credit information) firms prefer to use internal or … growth. Improvements in the business environment, such as better credit and registry information, could help promote growth …

"The authors describe and analyze the emergence of river basin management in the Warta River Basin of Poland. The Warta … basin's 55,193 km2 cover approximately one-sixth of Poland, and the Warta is a principal tributary to the Oder. Water … management in Poland have been earnest, but the dispersion of water policy authority across several levels of government, the …