and tariffs-for cotton it is subsidy reductions rather than tariff cuts that would make by far the largest impact. For Sub …

"Colombia's experience in the use of safeguards and antidumping duties differs from international trends. On the one … antidumping as opposed to safeguards, in Colombia the safeguard process has been the more used policy instrument. Although several … large and medium-size firms are familiar with the application of safeguards and antidumping duties, there is still a …

"Antidumping and related trade remedies are the most popular policy instruments that many of the largest importing … the negatively affected foreign industry has the capacity to directly retaliate through a reciprocal antidumping … with the theory that potential complainants may be avoiding WTO litigation in favor of pursuing reciprocal antidumping and …

products: i) increased competition from large, low-wage producers such as India, China, Bangladesh and Pakistan following the …

subsidies for water and electricity services. Their analysis of a wide range of subsidy models from around the developing world … shows that the most common form of utility subsidy-quantity-based subsidies delivered through the tariff structure … effectiveness of consumption subsidy schemes to reach the poor. Simulations suggest that connection subsidies are an attractive …