revenues, costs, and risks in each market segment, and conclude with policy implications. "--World Bank web site …

transparency and accountability in government and industry alike. "--World Bank web site …

"Under the traditional "competition-fragility" view, more bank competition erodes market power, decreases profit … margins, and results in reduced franchise value that encourages bank risk taking. Under the alternative "competition …-stability" view, more market power in the loan market may result in greater bank risk as the higher interest rates charged to loan …

"The authors formulate and test hypotheses about the role of bank ownership types-foreign, state-owned, and private … hypotheses with regard to foreign banks. These banks tend to serve as the main bank for transparent firms, and firms with foreign … across bank ownership types. The data are also consistent with the hypothesis that firms with state-owned main banks are …