"The fact that raising taxes can increase taxed labor supply through income effects is frequently used to justify much lower measures of the marginal welfare cost of taxes and greater public good provision than indicated by traditional, compensated analyses. The authors confirm that this...

"The authors use a computable general equilibrium model to estimate the marginal cost of public funds (MCF) for taxes on domestic goods, exports, imports, capital, and labor in 38 African countries. The resulting MCF estimates provide directions for tax reform in Africa. The authors investigate...

The PER analysis highlights priority policy actions to increase fiscal space and improve resilience to economic shocks and climate risks through human and physical capital investments. Chapter 1 focuses on Seychelles' recent fiscal performance and examines trends in its public finances. Chapter...

Just like every other socio-economic dimension, also the fiscal situation in West Bank and Gaza is shaped by its fragility, conflict and violence (FCV) context. It is difficult to overstate the impact that the Israeli occupation imposes on the economy of the West Bank and Gaza. Along with the...

Wildfires pose significant environmental and socioeconomic challenges, necessitating efficient management and prevention through proper resource allocation and financial oversight. Despite evidence on risks, drivers, and opportunity costs of intervention, there is little information on how...

The 2024 update also aligns with the World Bank's renewed strategic priorities for Health, Nutrition, and Population, including the goal to support countries in delivering affordable, quality health services to 1.5 billion people by 2030 and the World Bank's Human Capital Project. This 2024...

The Russia Social Expenditure Review (SER) has been undertaken by the human development team in the Europe and Central Asia Region of the World Bank at the request of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. This Report presents the key findings of the Russia SER work. The key...