households who do not participate in the market have significantly lower consumption levels than households that do. However, the … benefits to market participation appear to matter less for the poor than for the nonpoor. The authors find little difference in … expenditures between market participants and nonmarket participants for comparable households in the bottom 40 percent of the …

countries with competitive labor costs, especially in South and East Asia, have captured significant shares in the world market …

, and developing countries do engage in productive, and rewarding market activity, for income from market participation is … promotion accompany market transactions. Hence, building institutions that support the development of markets is the primary … market players connected through open information, and trade; and, the promotion of competition among jurisdictions, firms …

simplification in one of the central districts of Lima, Peru. IEG asked whether the project’s license simplification reform reduced …