have a positive effect on the level of income and a negative effect on its growth rate. The positive and permanent effect … on income implies a welfare gain. There is a growth effect stemming from a composition effect. However, the authors show …

"This paper proposes that individuals care about the relative income of proximate reference groups. Making use of self …-reported life satisfaction as a proxy for unobservable utility, the relative income of siblings is tested for relevance as a … reference point for new sample data from Venezuela. Having greater perceived income than one's siblings is found to be …

contributed to raise purchase prices and the cash income of vanilla farmers. But the effect on farmers' consumption remains small …

ongoing work under a joint energy study entitled INGENS - Income Generation through Energy and. Complementary Services. INGENS …

formation even in the context of middle-income economies. And, if accompanied by policies to promote return migration, as well …