intellectual capital. In Thailand, higher education increasingly plays an essential role in enabling greater opportunities for … higher education sector in Thailand by examining its key characteristics, latest developments, strengths, and weaknesses. It … policies, and the private sector. In short, Thailand can rightfully point to major achievements in the development of its …

"Under the traditional "competition-fragility" view, more bank competition erodes market power, decreases profit … margins, and results in reduced franchise value that encourages bank risk taking. Under the alternative "competition …-stability" view, more market power in the loan market may result in greater bank risk as the higher interest rates charged to loan …

"The relationships among competition in the financial sector, access of firms to external financing, and associated … economic growth are ambiguous in theory. Moreover, measuring competition in the financial sector can be complex. In this paper … Claessens and Laeven first estimate for 16 countries a measure of banking system competition based on industrial organization …

that would create competition and force greater efficiencies in rural financial markets. Policy reforms since 2003 have …

"The author studies annuity rates in Chile and relates them with industry competition. He finds (1) that annuity … practice of cash rebates, increased competition by way of annuity rates, and raised the long-run elasticity to one. "--World … Bank web site …

Development Goals"--World Bank web site …