This report provides recommendations for transforming Tartarstan's traditional industrial economy into a globally competitive, knowledge based economy, and for involving Russia in the development process. A broad range of innovation policies are best handled at the regional level and are...

Compared with developed economies, health expenditure in China is not particularly high on a per capita basis or as a share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Similarly, pharmaceutical expenditure in comparative perspective is not particularly high on a per capita basis or as a percentage of GDP....