-farm employment remains largely associated with education levels and social status that are rare among the poor. However, casual labor … and self-employment in the non-farm sector reveal greater involvement by disadvantaged groups in 2004 than in the …: a direct impact on poverty that is likely due to a pro-poor marginal incidence of non-farm employment expansion; and an …

"This paper analyzes characteristics of nonfarm enterprises, their employment growth patterns, and constraints in doing …, road infrastructure, and rural cell phone communication is correlated with employment growth. A major finding is that …

poverty in a couple of distinct but qualitatively important ways in rural Mexico. The analysis of non-farm employment in rural … Mexico suggests that the two key determinants of access to employment and productivity in non-farm activities are education …

, and earnings from wage labor, food-for-work (FFW), and self-employment. Then they analyze public works data collected in … participate in FFW. Men's and women's participation in FFW and self-employment responds differently to household and community …

Lanka, and, consistent with this economic transformation, the structure of employment also changed. Thus, as labor migrates …

workers lived in apparently economically stagnant municipios where real wages declined but employment increased faster than … wage growth and faster-than-average employment growth. These areas absorbed more than half of net employment growth over … wage and employment changes of Brazilian municipios. They use Conley's spatial GMM technique to allow for instrumental …