include measures of innovation outcomes as well as variables related to innovation effort. The main indicator of innovation … outputs is patents. The main variables related to innovation inputs are investment in research and development (R&D) and … of innovation outputs and inputs by looking at the over-time behavior of the relevant series and comparing the …

A functional review by the World Bank of Romania's research, development and innovation (RD&I) sector has been … World Bank Higher Education Review team and the EC's DG Research and Innovation -- presents observations and recommendations …

"Using a new global data base on patents and innovation inputs, the authors examine the process of knowledge creation … developing countries by testing for the impact of measures of the functioning of the national innovation system-the set of …

"The paper tests three hypotheses about the causes of unemployment in the Central-East European transition economies … and in a benchmark market economy (Western part of Germany). The first hypothesis (H1) is that unemployment is caused by … inefficient matching. Hypothesis 2 (H2) is that unemployment is caused by low demand. Hypothesis 3 (H3) is that restructuring is …

macroeconomic, education, and social protection policies have on the dynamics of employment and unemployment by skill level. The … positive assumptions regarding economic growth, unemployment rates are likely to remain close to current levels in the next …