service; chapter two analyzes civil service pay and benefits; chapter three assesses human resource management; chapter four …

Brazil's pension system takes up an oversized proportion of its social protection spending. It comprises of Regime … stands at about 10 percent of RGPS coverage, its spending amounts to almost half of RGPS pension outlays. This paper attempts … to present an integrated view of RPPS pension schemes, their influence on subnational budgets, and their interaction with …

burden, including benefits to former fighters and their survivors. The most recent examples are Afghanistan and Iraq. One of …

their influence varies by linguistic group. In common-law countries, union presence benefits all workers equally, not just … members, whereas in civil-law countries, only older members enjoy higher wages. The authors also contrast wage premia with …

"The authors provide new evidence on the impacts of trade reforms on wages and wage inequality in developing countries … wages and wage inequality. After setting up unusual historical data sets of trends in tariffs, trends in wages, and trends …) has reduced wages, and (2) has increased wage inequality. "--World Bank web site …

differentials and compare them with estimated relative wages. The analysis provides evidence on productivity and nonproductivity …-based determinations of wages. Special emphasis is given to the effects of human capital variables, such as education, experience, and … training on wages and productivity differentials. Higher education yields higher productivity. However, highly educated workers …

rather heterogeneous impact pattern of individual characteristics across the wage distribution on monthly wages. The author …'s findings reveal that education is key to earning higher wages, and that workers in more dispersed rural areas earn less than …

education, age, gender, ethnicity, and regional factors on individual earnings. The relative position of youth and women in …

, there is limited evidence on the consequences of child labor on socioeconomic outcomes such as education, wages, and health …