The cost of energy in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, as elsewhere, is an important policy issue, as shown by the … international prices rise. They also provide perverse incentives for the overconsumption of energy as households do not pay the true … cost of energy, and therefore, have fewer incentives to save or to invest in energy efficiency. Balancing competing claims …

series of recent World Bank and other studies on teacher absence and incentives for performance. Surprise school visits … these shortcomings, but also on the types of incentives, management, and support structures that can improve motivation and …

preference among parents and encourage investment in daughters' education and health. This study evaluates one such program in … female children as well as total desired fertility. The findings also show that parents increased their investment in … daughters' human capital as a result of the program. Families made greater post-natal health investments in eligible girls, with …

Tax incentives neither make up for serious deficiencies in a country's investment environment nor generate the desired …, depending on the tax instrument used, the characteristics of the multinational company, and the relationship between the tax …