exchange rate volatility, and (b) trade and financial openness may have a potential role of mitigating and/or amplifying real … openness to exacerbate or mitigate real exchange rate volatility. The authors collected information on the real effective …) High real exchange rate volatility is the result of highly volatile productivity shocks, and sharp oscillations in monetary …

, and can surge at times of currency speculation. Heightened interest rate and exchange rate volatility pose practical risk … through the equity markets have not been the major contributor to increased international sources of volatility. In addition …

volatility using cross-country regression analysis. In particular, they consider whether the effects of regulation are affected … increases volatility, although these effects are smaller the higher the quality of the overall institutional framework. This …