members, whereas in civil-law countries, only older members enjoy higher wages. The authors also contrast wage premia with …

"The authors provide new evidence on the impacts of trade reforms on wages and wage inequality in developing countries … wages and wage inequality. After setting up unusual historical data sets of trends in tariffs, trends in wages, and trends …) has reduced wages, and (2) has increased wage inequality. "--World Bank web site …

differentials and compare them with estimated relative wages. The analysis provides evidence on productivity and nonproductivity …-based determinations of wages. Special emphasis is given to the effects of human capital variables, such as education, experience, and … training on wages and productivity differentials. Higher education yields higher productivity. However, highly educated workers …

rather heterogeneous impact pattern of individual characteristics across the wage distribution on monthly wages. The author …'s findings reveal that education is key to earning higher wages, and that workers in more dispersed rural areas earn less than …