workfare scheme in which the government acts as the employer of last resort. Is this a cost-effective policy against poverty … sufficient for a typical poor family to reach the poverty line would bring the annual poverty rate down from 34 percent to 25 … (three months) would bring the annual poverty rate down to 31 percent at a cost of 1.3 percent of GDP. While the gains from a …

"first pillar" or "pillar one" refers to that part of a pension system intended to keep elderly out of poverty; "second … policy options to extend formal protection against old age poverty risks, at a fiscally sustainable cost, and aims as well at … this introduction, Section II presents the dimensions of Peru's vulnerability to poverty in old age, by examining the …

This policy note examines Thailand's programs for preventing poverty among the elderly, and suggests options for … 30 years, and the elderly already have a higher poverty rate than the population as a whole. Although Thailand currently … pension and social assistance programs aimed at preventing poverty among the elderly, target more spending at the elderly poor …