outputs is patents. The main variables related to innovation inputs are investment in research and development (R&D) and …

measured by the dynamic relationship between research and development and U.S. patents granted. They confirm at the country … property rights, and in some specifications, the quality of research institutions and their interaction with the private sector …, affect the transformation of research and development into patents. "--World Bank web site …

How much Indonesia spends on research and development (R and D) financing, where it spends it, and how it spends it …'s policy aims. For the most part this PER will concentrate on the public R and D system, that is, the institutions and research …

A functional review by the World Bank of Romania's research, development and innovation (RD&I) sector has been … extensive literature research and data analysis, as well as three missions to Bucharest in January, March, and April 2011 … World Bank Higher Education Review team and the EC's DG Research and Innovation -- presents observations and recommendations …

discussion concentrating our research on political institutions and their effect on the non-income dimensions of human … performance of democracy is rather independent of the circumstances. However, democracy leads to more redistribution in favor of …

"The authors use a sample of 147 countries to investigate the link between democracy and reforms. Democracy may be … economic institutions. The results provide robust support for the claim that democracy is good for growth-enhancing reforms …

countries, such as the Dominican Republic. This paper--a product of the Growth and Investment Team, Development Research Group …--is part of a larger effort in the group to investigate the political economy of development"--World Bank web site …