school systems in Brazil to obtain better results than would be expected based purely on socioeconomic factors. This report …

and lower teaching quality when in class. The authors document that health problems-primarily teachers' own illness and … are unable to substitute adequately for teaching inputs. Excess teaching capacity that allows for the greater use of …

-centric' teaching styles to more 'learner-centric' methods. Pedagogical practices of teachers using ICTs can range from only small … enhancements of teaching practices, using what are essentially traditional methods, to more fundamental changes in their approach … to teaching. ICTs can be used to reinforce existing pedagogical practices as well as to change the way teachers and …

, donated by the private sector, into the teaching of language in public schools. The authors conduct a two-year randomized …