This paper discusses current and future developments in wireless technology and infastructure in Egypt. One of the important regulatory decisions made in Egypt is that policy related to broadband wireless will be technology neutral. Consequently, the regulator cannot decide about which operators...

Montenegro Policy Note on Broadband: Achieving Universality of High-Speed Broadband: Review and Application Experience of the EU State Aid Framework aims to provide advice to the Government of Montenegro on the possible mechanisms for state aid support for broadband infrastructure, while taking...

Morocco strives to reach a similar per capita income level to that of upper-middle income countries, and to reduce unemployment, which particularly affects women and youth. To meet these goals, the government recognizes the need to shift from a low-technology economy with a strong agricultural...

The Government of Egypt has recognized broadband as being of strategic importance to the country??s economic and social development and it is developing a new strategy to develop access and use of broadband networks and services. As a specific target of this strategy, the government seeks to...

There is an urgency to scale up the electrification of transport amongst the worldwide efforts towards energy transition and decarbonization. Electric mobility, or e-mobility,has become one of the rapidly developing opportunities to contribute to nations' climate and development goals, including...

"Product standards can have a dual impact on production and trade costs. Standards may impose additional costs on exporters as it may be necessary to adapt products for specific markets (cost-effect). In contrast, standards can reduce exporters' information costs if they convey information on...

"Regional agreements on standards have been largely ignored by economists and unconditionally blessed by multilateral trade rules. Chen and Mattoo find, theoretically and empirically, that such agreements increase trade between participating countries but not necessarily with the rest of the...