"Under the traditional "competition-fragility" view, more bank competition erodes market power, decreases profit … margins, and results in reduced franchise value that encourages bank risk taking. Under the alternative "competition …-stability" view, more market power in the loan market may result in greater bank risk as the higher interest rates charged to loan …

in banking"--World Bank web site … Claessens and Laeven first estimate for 16 countries a measure of banking system competition based on industrial organization …' banking systems allows financially dependent industries to grow faster. These results are robust under a variety of tests. The …

opportunities for corruption by policy reforms and deregulations; 2) reforming campaign finance; 3) increasing public oversight; 4 …

" The objective of this paper is to analyze the industry structure of banking services in Brazil in order to shed light … designing public policy for the banking sector. In particular, retail banking is found to be less sensitive to price competition … and to exhibit considerably higher returns than corporate banking. The authors identify and discuss the factors underlying …

transparency and accountability in government and industry alike. "--World Bank web site …

multiple banking and number of relationships hold for only one type of state-owned bank. "--World Bank web site …"The authors formulate and test hypotheses about the role of bank ownership types-foreign, state-owned, and private … domestic banks-in banking relationships, using data from India. The empirical results are consistent with all of their …