Poland along with seven other Central European and Baltic countries, joined the European Union (EU) on May 1, 2004 … from a geopolitical point of view is undeniable. For Poland and the other new member countries, the distinction between … with the EU. This report discusses regional income disparities and policies in Poland and the likely impact on these on …

In January 1999, Poland launched a new pension system that was the result of 5-6 years of broad outreach campaigns and … without undermining the long-term viability of the reformed pension system. Post-communist Poland operated on a traditional … and Poland had one of the highest spending rates of any post-communist transition country. In addition, long …

impacts; chapter 3 describes the employment structure in Poland, taking into account gender differences; chapter 4 … shows to extent to which the retirement system in Poland reflects the difference between the status of women and men in the …

report is organized along the following lines. The next section provides background on Poland's greenhouse gas (GHG …) emissions. Then section B sets out Poland's existing carbon abatement targets and key policy challenges related to GHG … the first model, the engineering approach, on the costs of measures aimed at GHG mitigation for Poland. Section F explains …

Unlike common practices in other EU member states and despite being mandated by EU law, Poland still lacks a fully … for long-term stability in fiscal policies. Creating a robust and effective IFI in Poland could enhance the quality and … the Polish fiscal framework. This report supports the government of Poland in designing and implementing an IFI, aligned …