In January 1999, Poland launched a new pension system that was the result of 5-6 years of broad outreach campaigns and … without undermining the long-term viability of the reformed pension system. Post-communist Poland operated on a traditional … and Poland had one of the highest spending rates of any post-communist transition country. In addition, long …

Poland along with seven other Central European and Baltic countries, joined the European Union (EU) on May 1, 2004 … from a geopolitical point of view is undeniable. For Poland and the other new member countries, the distinction between … with the EU. This report discusses regional income disparities and policies in Poland and the likely impact on these on …

, their movement over time, and their impact on poverty in the case of Poland. Poland, a middle-income country, is of … environment and the economic growth variables show a relatively sizable degree of variance. In addition, Poland has struggled in … the past few years to reduce poverty while still experiencing positive economic growth. The authors show that in Poland …