lives, and revive economies. Despite rapid innovation and development of mRNA, viral vector, and protein subunit vaccine … remained net importers of essential vaccines, notwithstanding strong potential for local research and manufacture. Consequently …

. The pandemic revealed weaknesses in ASEAN's regional vaccine capacity, including in research and development …

outputs is patents. The main variables related to innovation inputs are investment in research and development (R&D) and … include measures of innovation outcomes as well as variables related to innovation effort. The main indicator of innovation … of innovation outputs and inputs by looking at the over-time behavior of the relevant series and comparing the …

A functional review by the World Bank of Romania's research, development and innovation (RD&I) sector has been … World Bank Higher Education Review team and the EC's DG Research and Innovation -- presents observations and recommendations … extensive literature research and data analysis, as well as three missions to Bucharest in January, March, and April 2011 …

research and development (R and D) strategy for innovation. The strategy aims to strengthen the region's research capacity … research area (ERA) and innovation union. This overview provides the background and analysis that informed the development of …. This overview outlines the performance of the research and innovation sector, and describes the major drivers of this …

"Innovation is key to technology adoption and creation, and to explaining the vast differences in productivity across … and within countries. Despite the central role of the entrepreneur in the innovation process, data limitations have … restricted standard analysis of the determinants of innovation to consideration of the role of firm characteristics. The authors …

This note provides a medium-term agenda for supporting Mexico's competitiveness by fostering greater innovation … Mexico's innovation policy agenda. While the firm is at the center of innovation, empirical evidence shows that public policy … can generate an external environment more conducive to innovation. The past decade has brought several policy changes and …