? The answer to this question has important implications for public policy. If shocks reduce investments in children, they … with the simple conceptual framework. The paper discusses possible implications for expenditure allocation. "--World Bank …

surviving children. Studies have found substantial variability across countries in the negative impacts of orphanhood on child … include a broader set of factors. "--World Bank web site …

, and parenting quality in a developing country. They use a sample of over 3,000 predominantly poor pre-school age children … for older than younger children, and there is greater dispersion in scores among older children. They find that household … socioeconomic characteristics, in particular wealth and parental education, are "protective"-children from wealthier households with …

"Educated parents tend to have educated children. But is intergenerational transmission of human capital more nature … parents and the type of relationship that links the children to their 'adoptive 'families. The results of the analysis suggest …, more nurture, or both? De Walque uses household survey data from Rwanda that contains a large proportion of children living …

Children need a safe, nurturing, healthy, and stimulating environment to thrive and reach their full potential. But … millions of children living in poverty don't receive enough stimulation or good nutrition in their first years of life, and … addressed in programs promoting young children's development, which also typically focus on mothers, with little attention on …

young children. A combination of income growth and nutrition interventions are therefore suggested to adequately tackle this … will have to be complemented by large-scale program interventions. "--World Bank web site …