, decomposing social welfare into real income level and variance components and emphasizing Gini and Atkinson indexes. They embed … these inequality-adjusted social welfare functions in a general equilibrium structure mapping from tariff protection to … of tariffs on welfare. They then examine endogenous tariff formation when policymakers care about both equity and special …

"Ravallion and Lokshin use Morocco's national survey of living standards to measure the short-term welfare impacts of … aggregate impact on inequality into a vertical component (between people at different pre-reform welfare levels) and a … horizontal component (between people at the same pre-reform welfare level). There is a large horizontal component which dominates …