total factor productivity growth in Korea, Mexico, and Jordan. Measures of foreign research and development are constructed … based on industry-specific research and development in the North, North-South trade patterns, and input-output relations in …

remained net importers of essential vaccines, notwithstanding strong potential for local research and manufacture. Consequently …

outputs is patents. The main variables related to innovation inputs are investment in research and development (R&D) and …

. The pandemic revealed weaknesses in ASEAN's regional vaccine capacity, including in research and development …

A functional review by the World Bank of Romania's research, development and innovation (RD&I) sector has been … extensive literature research and data analysis, as well as three missions to Bucharest in January, March, and April 2011 … World Bank Higher Education Review team and the EC's DG Research and Innovation -- presents observations and recommendations …

This overview of the research sector in the Western Balkans is a companion piece to the Western Balkans regional … research and development (R and D) strategy for innovation. The strategy aims to strengthen the region's research capacity … research area (ERA) and innovation union. This overview provides the background and analysis that informed the development of …

How much Indonesia spends on research and development (R and D) financing, where it spends it, and how it spends it …'s policy aims. For the most part this PER will concentrate on the public R and D system, that is, the institutions and research …