agricultural sector and a significant increase in rice productivity. A resulting increase in output has been associated with a …-ante approaches, the authors investigate the implications of the changes in rice productivity and prices for the welfare of households …. They find that the net effects of increased rice productivity and lower rice prices have benefited the poor. Regardless of …

"There is a growing literature that investigates the effect of trade liberalization on productivity. Nearly all such … studies assume that trade policy is determined independently of productivity, hence it is exogenous. The author shows that … the positive effect of liberalization on productivity when they do not account for the endogeneity bias. On the theory …