and lower teaching quality when in class. The authors document that health problems-primarily teachers' own illness and … are unable to substitute adequately for teaching inputs. Excess teaching capacity that allows for the greater use of …

Teacher training and on-going, relevant professional development are essential if benefits from investments in …-operation and Development (OECD) countries, research consensus holds that the most effective uses of ICT are those in which the …-centric' teaching styles to more 'learner-centric' methods. Pedagogical practices of teachers using ICTs can range from only small …

This report evaluates the outcomes of World Bank Group support to Afghanistan from 2002-11. Despite extremely difficult … highly relevant to Afghanistan’s situation, beginning in 2006 the strategies could have gone further in adapting ongoing … objectives, although risks to development outcomes remain high. Impressive results have been achieved in public financial …

"Security is increasingly viewed as a key condition for economic growth and development. The authors argue that the … work and impact of all development partners would be enhanced if the multiple linkages between public finance, security …, and development were explicitly taken into account. At the extreme, in some cases better public finance management could …

Afghanistan has come a long way since emerging from major conflict in late 2001. Important political milestones … extraordinary efforts to develop key national programs (for example public-works employment programs and community development …

smallholders are critical for rural development, job creation, and food security in Afghanistan. Sections two and three of this …Economic growth, job creation, and development are central to the decade of transformation (2015-25) and long …-term security for the people of Afghanistan. The Bank and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GoIRA) recognize …