with the simple conceptual framework. The paper discusses possible implications for expenditure allocation. "--World Bank …

increasing volatility or by amplifying the adverse effect of external shocks. "--World Bank web site … sample of countries. Controlling for domestic conditions, the paper examines the growth and volatility effects of outcome … of nonlinearities by allowing the growth and volatility effects of openness to vary with the general level of economic …

correlated with observed cases of trafficking. For instance, the economic shock produced by a typical decrease in export …

correlated with observed cases of trafficking. For instance, the economic shock produced by a typical decrease in export …

, and can surge at times of currency speculation. Heightened interest rate and exchange rate volatility pose practical risk … through the equity markets have not been the major contributor to increased international sources of volatility. In addition …

Following the world food ... …

volatility and its effects on food security is a complex issue with many dimensions, agricultural and non-agricultural, short and … begins with a discussion of volatility and of the ways in which volatility affects countries, businesses, consumers and … volatility in future. This report offers suggestions for a systematic and internationally coordinated response building on the …