"An extensive literature on the relationship between decentralization (or localization) and corruption has developed in … recent years. While some authors argue that there is a positive relationship between decentralization and corruption, others … claim that decentralization in fact leads to a reduction in the level of corruption. This important policy question has not …

delivery and regulation has adverse long-term effects on households. The term "quiet corruption" is introduced to indicate … service provision) that do not involve monetary exchange. The prevalence of quiet corruption and its long-term consequences …

"This paper examines the impact of reducing corruption and improving transparency to lower trade costs in the Asia … corruption. Results suggest that trade in the region would increase by 11 percent and global welfare would expand by …

"This paper assesses corruption levels and trends among countries in the transition countries of Eastern Europe and …. Data from firm surveys tend to show improvement in most types of administrative corruption, but little change in "state … capture" in the region. Broader, subjective corruption indicators tend to show somewhat greater improvement in ECA than in non …