Informality in Turkey, using various definitions, and despite the signs of a recent decline in certain segments of the economy, is widespread. The level of informality is not excessively high, however, taking into account Turkey's level of income. While firm non-registration is not very common,...

The coronavirus crisis has stiffened debt and development-related headwinds that had become strong even before 2020. Sustaining development while maintaining debt sustainability has been made harder by the protracted effects of the pandemic on public finances, earnings and employment, and human...

"Innovation is key to technology adoption and creation, and to explaining the vast differences in productivity across and within countries. Despite the central role of the entrepreneur in the innovation process, data limitations have restricted standard analysis of the determinants of innovation...