series of recent World Bank and other studies on teacher absence and incentives for performance. Surprise school visits … these shortcomings, but also on the types of incentives, management, and support structures that can improve motivation and …

incentives. Chapter I analyzes the key reforms, and demographic trends which are reshaping the macro environment for Brazil …, and incentives, suggesting roles and responsibilities for the Government, prioritizing on further research across finance …

Pension, to most people, implies a regular payment from a specific age-such as retirement-until death. Individual … retirement accounts are a vehicle for retirement savings but they do not become a pension in the conventional sense of the word … expectancy is normally uncertain. So people would have to spend accumulated wealth slowly after retirement to ensure an adequate …

The issue of the retirement age is fundamentally linked to policies on social protection. It is an issue that … law in Vietnam, several options were presented for changing the retirement age of women. However, the National Assembly …'s retirement age in Vietnam to serve as a basis for further consultation and policy dialogue with the Government. …

between early retirement and incentives in the pension system, a result confirmed by other international studies and by more …This edition of the Pension Reform Primer examines the global trend in early retirement among rich and poorer countries …, the reasons for people retiring early, the burden of early retirement on the pension system, recent policy initiatives to …