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in Services (GATS) to commit to service sector policy reforms. They compare GATS commitments with the evolution of actual … policy stances over time. While there is substantial variance across transition economies on both actual policies and GATS … commitments, the authors find an inverse relationship between the depth of GATS commitments and the "quality" of actual services …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010522111
dispute contain interpretations of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), especially its Annex on … under the GATS irrespective of whether the same service provider is present in both countries. The accounting rate regime … excuse the country from meeting its commitments under the GATS. Mexico and the United States, although not in full agreement …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010522441
This note examines the implications of digital innovation for market structure and attendant policies, including financial and competition regulation. There have been several surveys of regulatory responses. This note takes a step back, to look at what the economic theory of banking and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013254873
Fintech is transforming the global financial landscape. It is creating new opportunities to advance financial inclusion and development in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (EMDEs), but also presents risks that require updated supervision policy frameworks. Fintech encompasses new...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013254875
This note provides: (1) an overview of new manifestations of consumer risks that are significant and cross-cutting across four key fintech products: digital microcredit, P2PL, investment-based crowdfunding, and e-money; and (2) examples of emerging regulatory approaches to target such risks....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013254876
This technical note is structured in the following manner. Section two provides an overview of the main barriers and frictions that SMEs face to access finance. Section three explores how digitization is an enabler for SME finance and how different fintech solutions address these barriers. The...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013254878
"Many developing countries operate geographically delineated economic areas in the form of export processing zones, special industrial zones, or free trade zones. This paper provides an overview of the application of World Trade Organization disciplines to incentive programs typically employed...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011394186
"Services trade reform matters, but what is Doha doing about it? It has been hard to judge, because of the opaqueness of services policies and the opaqueness of the request-offer negotiating process. This paper attempts to assess what is on the table. It presents the results of the first survey...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011394197
"The records of traditional safeguard provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade Organization provides useful information about how a special agricultural safeguard might be made effective. The success of existing safeguard or flexibility provisions to sustain...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011394221
"There is a fundamental shift taking place in the world economy to which the multilateral trading system has failed to adapt. The Doha process focused on issues of limited significance while the burning issues of the day were not even on the negotiating agenda. This paper advances five...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010521024