developing world, namely the likelihood of continued childbearing given the gender composition of existing children in the family … that latent son preference in childbearing is more likely to manifest itself when fertility levels are low. As a result of … wellbeing if there are quantity-quality trade-offs that result in fewer material and emotional resources allocated to children …

and demographic objectives. Between 1967 and 1977, fertility declined-mainly in urban areas-to an average of 4 children … providing basic services such as health care and education. Iran's fertility decline may have proceeded in two stages, the first … for childbearing. The fertility decline coincided with improvements in primary and secondary education, possibly affecting …

the month of birth and the health outcomes of young children in India. They find that children born during the monsoon … months have lower anthropometric scores compared with children born during the fall and winter months. The authors propose … variations in affecting environmental conditions at the time of birth and determining the health outcomes of young children in …