members, whereas in civil-law countries, only older members enjoy higher wages. The authors also contrast wage premia with … productivity. "--World Bank web site …

differentials and compare them with estimated relative wages. The analysis provides evidence on productivity and nonproductivity … training on wages and productivity differentials. Higher education yields higher productivity. However, highly educated workers … appropriate their productivity gains of education through wages. On the other hand, workers with more experience are more …

productivity of small informal firms. Using data from firm surveys, national household surveys, and qualitative data from focus … groups, the study conducts a gender analysis of formality and productivity in six different sectors in Bolivia. The findings … productivity and scale of women-owned businesses. Two general priorities emerge: promoting women's access to productive assets to …

is to identify gender-based productivity constraints that hinder the growth of female-owned businesses. First, author … causes of gender-based differences in productivity and profitability. However, most of the differences between male and …

creation, and suggest policies that will foster job creation and productivity. The study finds that, despite relatively low … an adaptable labor market that supports job creation and growth in productivity. …

creation, and suggest policies that will foster job creation and productivity. The study finds that, despite relatively low … an adaptable labor market that supports job creation and growth in productivity. …

concern: relatively few persons of working age are employed, and many of those who are employed have low-productivity jobs … policymakers in Armenia. Furthermore, it is important that in the longer term, wage growth does not exceed labor productivity …

decisive for high productivity and sustained growth. Romania has overcome significant challenges on its path to EU membership … to foster the adaptability and productivity of a shrinking and aging workforce. …

informality. The focus of this report is on exploring options to enhance worker welfare and firm productivity through access to …