Climate Friendly Technologies (CFT) reduces the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by reducing the carbon content of economic activity. Climate change due to greenhouse gases is expected to affect many sectors, and present risks to many Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies in...

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies display large variation in terms of income per capita. The richest APEC economies have an income per capita about twenty times higher than the poorest ones. So far most work on fiscal policy and climate change has been written with developed...

Drawing on several studies on APEC economies, this report discusses economic policy choices for mitigating and adapting to climate change effects. It highlights that APEC economies will have a central role in both sides of climate change. These economies include some of the largest emitters and...

This report uses new measures of extreme weather and methodologies to gauge their welfare effects. A myriad of methodological issues and data constraints plague empirical work on the effects of extreme weather events on human welfare. The shocks themselves are often poorly measured and the lack...

The past eight years witnessed China's phenomenal growth and integration into the world economy, expedited by its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001. The accession greatly accelerated China's domestic reforms. By the end of 2007, China was ranked the second largest exporter...

Globalization has brought about a rapid expansion of international trade and a dramatic change in trade structure. The liberalization of trade in goods and services, containerization, new integrated transport networks, advances in information communication technology and modern business...

This policy note is based on a project on financial services and trade agreements in the Latin America and Caribbean Region. It emphasizes that the liberalization of trade in financial services is helpful to, but is not a panacea for, domestic financial system modernization. It adds that the...

In an increasingly competitive, globalizing world, Bangladesh needs to rationalize its tariff structure and lower overall protection so that its exports can compete in world markets. At the same time, the government needs to protect revenues in a fiscally-constrained year. This note proposes a...