decentralization is associated with improved fiscal performance and better functioning of internal common markets. Fiscal policy … discipline. Fiscal decentralization poses significant challenges for macroeconomic management. These challenges require careful … fiscal policy management and transparent and accountable governance. "--World Bank web site …

This overall picture of decentralization and local democracy in African countries shows significant progress at the … strictly institutional level. No country now publicly opposes the implementation of decentralization policies. Local …, be set against a number of persistent obstacles that continue to hinder a real progression of decentralization in Africa …

: More than 215 million people, or 3 percent of the world population, live outside their countries of birth. Current … the largest migration corridor in the world, accounting for 11.6 million migrants in 2010. Migration corridors in the …

reduces home country fertility by about 0.3 percent for origin countries. "--World Bank web site …

by tearing down the paper walls they place around their own citizens. "--World Bank web site …