costs are used as an exogenous measure of import competition. The authors find a positive and robust effect of import … that increased import competition from less advanced economies is the major cause for the positive impact on quality …

, transparent, and participatory decisions on the application of the import restrictions they allow. The proposed special … agricultural safeguard expands by arithmetic formula the bounds within which a Member may impose a new import restriction. Analysis … useful, the special agricultural safeguard should do more than provide formulas for import restrictions. It should provide …