which exporting is "permanent" vs. "transitory" are reviewed, together with the extent to which productivity gains from … exporting have been realized, whether through learning by direct exporters, or through spillovers to indirect exporters, and … suggest that while exporters have higher productivity rates, profitability is equal compared to non-exporters, but inventory …

may increase the quality of services, reduce their cost, and offer opportunities for knowledge spillovers to downstream … depends on input growth and a weighted measure of foreign direct investment in services. The novelty of the approach is that … positive and significant effect of foreign direct investment in services on productivity growth of Chilean manufacturing plants …

total factor productivity growth in Korea, Mexico, and Jordan. Measures of foreign research and development are constructed … based on industry-specific research and development in the North, North-South trade patterns, and input-output relations in … the South. The findings show that technology diffusion and productivity gains tend to be regional. Jordan benefits mainly …

in Services (GATS) to commit to service sector policy reforms. They compare GATS commitments with the evolution of actual … commitments, the authors find an inverse relationship between the depth of GATS commitments and the "quality" of actual services …

assesses the entry, business, and trade restrictions in Tunisia's key backbone services sectors (telecommunication, banking …, air transport, accounting, auditing, and legal services) using a well-focused regulatory questionnaire. The … options on the price of services and the economy via a multi-region general equilibrium model. Finally, chapter four examines …

patterns and demand for agriculture, manufacturing and services by the tourism industry, both directly and indirectly, through … analyzed the current purchasing pattern of agricultural and food products (13 categories from fruits to canned goods), services … products and services purchased from local origin; and in addition, local suppliers of goods and services are willing to focus …

further improve the positioning of a competitive Tunisia and realize the potential growth in services. The report contains … and lower prices of services. Finally, chapter four examines the prospects for export of professional services (accounting …, auditing, legal services) and health by Tunisia, which showed a real capacity to compete in these areas in recent years. …

first propose three measures of firms' productive performance: labor productivity, total factor productivity, and technical … countries in the sample. The exception is Morocco, whose various measures of firm-level productivity rank close to the ones of …