"This paper proposes that individuals care about the relative income of proximate reference groups. Making use of self …-reported life satisfaction as a proxy for unobservable utility, the relative income of siblings is tested for relevance as a … reference point for new sample data from Venezuela. Having greater perceived income than one's siblings is found to be …

themselves to increased risk of HIV infection. In particular, women are 3.1 percent more likely to see a client, 21.2 percent … with risk through other formal or informal consumption smoothing mechanisms. "--World Bank web site …

contributed to raise purchase prices and the cash income of vanilla farmers. But the effect on farmers' consumption remains small …

ongoing work under a joint energy study entitled INGENS - Income Generation through Energy and. Complementary Services. INGENS …

"This paper examines how households trade off migration and savings when subject to exogenous violence. The authors … migration decision has been taken, savings can increase as a function of violence to ensure a minimum bundle to carry. Empirical …