This Public Expenditure and Institutional Review presents the findings of an analysis of the budget, and institutions of public expenditure management, and accountability, fundamental to policy decisions, and economic management. It builds on extensive analysis undertaken by the Special Ad Hoc...

The review was undertaken, and completed against a background of substantial political economic disruption: the Kosovo crisis of 1999 threatened to undermine the country's accomplishments in building macroeconomic, and fiscal stability; and, the security crisis of 2001, tested once again...

This Public Expenditure and Institutions Review (PEIR) was undertaken at a critical juncture of public expenditure management in Romania. Following three years of economic decline, the economy began growing in 2000, reaching a real GDP growth rate of 5.3 percent in 2001. The Government thus...

The study, an institutional, and governance review of Bolivia, describes the transformation of the country's political economy as of the 1980s, the aim for consistent macroeconomic stability, and, the consolidation of the democratic political regime. However, despite a number of bold reforms to...

The broad objective of this study is to analyze areas in which the climate change agenda intersects with multilateral trade obligations. The study identifies the key issues at stake, as well as possible actions -- at the national and multilateral levels -- that could help developing countries...

El Salvador's development over the past decade has been dichotomous. On the one hand, economic growth has remained persistently low, employment and labor force participation have barely increased, and progress on poverty reduction has slowed. On the other hand, inequality has fallen, and shared...

Honduras has experienced moderate economic growth in the past decade, in line with the rest of the region. Despite this growth track record, limited opportunities for decent jobs for the majority of workers have resulted in stagnant poverty and inequality rates that are still the highest in...

Climate change poses particularly difficult challenges for public sector institutions. Climate change impacts all sectors of the economy and society. Action to address climate change requires coordination among multiple government and nongovernment actors. The extended time frame over which...

Over the past 10 years the government of Uganda has endeavored to increase latrine coverage and promote hygiene with a view to improving health outcomes. In 1997, in the Kampala declaration for sanitation, leaders from all of Uganda's districts pledged to improve sanitation. Then in 2001, three...

The government has embarked upon a comprehensive and difficult medium term program for reforming the public sector aimed at rebalancing the relation between revenue and spending and enhancing the efficiency and efficacy of service delivery. The Romanian economy has been hit hard by the global...