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Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010524406
The climate is changing; and the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region is vulnerable to the consequences. Many of the region's countries are facing warmer temperatures, a changing hydrology and more extremes, droughts, floods, heat waves, windstorms, and forest fires. Already the frequency and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012550818
When a disaster strikes, it not only affects households' physical assets, but also their income levels and ability to contribute to the local economy. Critically, these socio-economic disparities shape not only the severity of shocks on household-level economies, but also the duration of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013254838
The Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Education Team's vision is for education systems to empower all to reach their full potential. In line with this vision, the purpose of this guidance note is to provide recommendations and policy advice for decision-makers on potential education responses to the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012647113
Like other regions, Eastern Europe and Central Asia is vulnerable to climate change and its potential socioeconomic impacts. While all countries are facing warmer temperatures, a changing hydrology, and more extreme events (for example, floods and droughts) and are concerned about the level of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012559961
to initiate a dialog with housing finance market stakeholders on the course of action appropriate for their jurisdictions … private housing finance market participants. It offers observations of the recent Europe and Central Asia (ECA) market … of the policy measures discussed deal with the real estate market evolution- notably the market observatories- as the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012560556
The global financial crisis severely affected economies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ECA). Currencies depreciated across the region. Government tax revenues declined sharply leading to high budget deficits and rising levels of public debt. Tightening credit supply and deteriorating...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012247243
deal with commodity market a development is discussed in annexes one …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012247819
Governments play a critical role in the economies of Europe and Central Asia, where government expenditures are close to 40 percent of gross domestic product and the public sector accounts for nearly 27 percent of total employment, which is almost twice the global average. The public sector...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012521910
Since February 2022, geopolitical events have made clear Europe's need to diversify its energy sources and avoid excessive dependence on fossil fuel imports. The drop in Russian natural gas flows to Europe in 2022 marked the single largest supply shock in the history of global gas markets. It...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014516799